Purpose. Development of a safe, energy-efficient and socially important technology for the production of composite fuel from waste, which will help to additionally obtain energy resources and reduce the number of man-made formations accumulated as a result of industrial work.
Specifications. The fundamental difference from the traditional lump is that during electrokinetic (adhesive-chemical) processes using binders, there is no need to create significant pressure equal to 1 – 5 MPa/m2 and 10 – 30 MPa/m2 without binders, as well as heating the raw material to 100 – 120ºС. The technology provides: multivariate components of industrial waste – coal, pulp and paper and chemical energy industries; lower calorific value for working dry matter (fuel) – 4200-5400 kcal/kg; ash content – up to 28%; humidity – up to 8-10%; sulfur content – up to 1.5%; yield of volatile substances – up to 36%; strength under uniaxial pressure – up to 8-10 kg/cm2. 10 experimental batches of hard fuel were produced, each weighing 15 kg. Involving the resulting composite fuel products in other industries not only extends the range of application of this technology, but also improves the technical and economic performance of mining enterprises, and also reduces the burden on the environment with additional release of land.
Application area. Enterprises of the mining, chemical and pulp and paper industries.
Advantages. It differs in the variety of technological methods and the possibility of using various types of mineral raw materials to obtain finished composite fuel from waste, therefore the parameters and processes of the technology are variable. The developed technology for producing composite fuel is also characterized by very low energy intensity – up to 10 kW/h is spent to obtain 1 ton of finished product.
Technical and economic effect. The proposed technology ensures a reduction in socio-economic tension and environmental load in mining regions, as well as the location of enterprises in the chemical and pulp and paper industries. The opening of waste processing enterprises allows you to create hundreds of jobs and obtain additional fuel resources, which will lead to the replenishment of budgets at various levels. The cost of processing waste represented by technogenic deposits reaches 180 – 260 UAH and 1 ton. At the cost of waste containing carbon, for example, coal sludge with ash content up to 25%, 1800 – 2500 UAH / ton, such finished UAH for 1 ton without added value and taxes . And this despite the fact that more than 250 million tons of waste such as coal sludge have been accumulated with different quality indicators for all grades of coal. At the present stage, part of the settling tanks with coal preparation waste is already ready for extraction and appropriate processing.
Description. The proposed technology for producing composite fuel from waste makes it possible to obtain additional energy raw materials during the development of technogenic deposits represented by industrial waste from coal processing, chemical and pulp and paper industries. Determination of particle size distribution (as well as sedimentation analysis for waste fractions up to 50 microns) and chemical composition (with determination of ash and sulfur content, humidity indicators, release of volatile substances) to substantiate the processes of preparation of composite fuel (screening or crushing), the use of physical and mechanical ( chemical) influence on the state of technogenic raw materials (constituting dispersed systems), mixing, manufacturing, drying (if necessary) to obtain finished composite fuel. Drawing up sketches of maps of possible technological lines for the industrial production of composite fuel from waste from coal processing, chemical and pulp and paper industries.